Unit Five Challenge Assignment Essay

You r n am e: J ose p hin e K in g

Rit u al O bje ct

Id en ti f y t h e w ork o f a rt ( ti tle , d ate , m ed iu m , c u ltu re , l o ca tio n ):

Mask ette

?, 1 200-1 550, S to ne, A zte c , M ex ic o .

In se rt a n I m age o f t h e w ork o f a rt b elo w ( in clu de t h e U RL):

://i d s.

s i.e d u/id s/d eliv ery S erv ic e? m ax = 800& id = s://a m eric an in dia n .s i.e d u/w

eb m ultim ed ia /4 161/4 19/0 2.7 00×700.j p g

Desc rib e a n d a n aly ze t h e s ty le , t e ch niq u e, a n d i c o n ogra ph y o f t h e a rtw ork .

Then , e x pla in h ow i t r e p re se n ts i ts c u ltu ra l c o n te x t:

This w ork i s a m ask m ad e o f s to ne i n t h e A zte c c u ltu re . T he s e em in gly o pen

mouth , e y es, n ostr ils , a n d e ar h ole s a ll r e p re se n t t h e f ig ure ’s a b ility t o b e t o ta lly

open w it h t h e G ods a n d c o nnecte d w ith t h em . T he f ig ure i s m ost l ik ely n ot

pro porti o nally a ccu ra te d ue t o t h e a rti s t’ s a ccess t o t o ols a n d m ate ria ls t o c re ate a

re alis tic l o okin g f a ce. T he p urp ose o f t h is m ask i s t o b e u se d d urin g r itu als w here

mem bers o f t h e t r ib e c o m munic a te w ith t h e G ods, n ot o nly t o a sk f o r w hat t h ey

may n eed b ut a ls o t o t h an k t h em . D urin g t h is t im e, i t w as v ery c o m mon f o r t r ib es

lik e t h e A zte cs t o r e ly o n t h eir G od(s ) f o r a n yth in g a n d e v ery th in g.

Com pare t o a r e le va n t a rtw ork o r o bje ct f r o m t h e t e x tb ook, n otin g a n y

sim ila ritie s o r d if fe re n ces i n s ty le , t e c h n iq u e, a n d i c o n ogra ph y:

A p ie c e f r o m t h e t e x tb ook t h at r e la te s t o t h e r itu al o bje ct p ic tu re d a b ove i s t h e

Kwakw aka ’w akw B ir d M ask

?. T his w as a m ask u se d d urin g r itu al c e re m onie s t h at

was c a rv ed o ut o f w ood a n d p ain te d o n w it h b rig ht c o lo rs . T he m ask w as u se d i n

cere m onie s o f t h e a rra n gem en t o f m arr ia g e.

Trib ute

Id en ti f y t h e w ork o f a rt ( ti tle , d ate , m ed iu m , c u ltu re , l o ca tio n ):

Tem ple M odel, 1 400–1521, C era m ic , A zte c , M ex ic o .

In se rt a n I m age o f t h e w ork o f a rt b elo w ( in clu de t h e U RL):

s:// w w w.m etm use u m .o rg /a rt/ c o lle ctio n/s e arc h /3 16871

Desc rib e a n d a n aly ze t h e s ty le , t e ch niq u e, a n d i c o n ogra ph y o f t h e a rtw ork .

Then , e x pla in h ow i t r e p re se n ts i ts c u ltu ra l c o n te x t:

This o b je ct p ay s t r ib ute t o A zte c t e m ple s a s i t i s s im ply a r e p lic atio n o f o ne. T his

cera m ic m odel h as s ta ir s l e ad in g u p t o t h e e n tr y w ay o f t h e t e m ple , a s w ell a s a n

are a a b ove t h e e n tr y w ay t h at r e ced es h ig hly . B oth o f t h ese t e ch nic alitie s s y m boliz e

re ach in g a h ig her p ow er. T here h av e b een m an y A zte c t e m ple m odels l ik e t h is o ne

cre ate d d ue t o t h eir i d ea o f s p re ad in g t h eir r e lig io n. O ne m ay h av e o ne o f t h ese i n

th eir h o m e t o r e m em ber t h e A zte c c u ltu re a n d t h e a m ount o f t im e a n d e ffo rt t h ey

put i n to t h eir p ra cti c ed r e lig io n.

Com pare t o a r e le va n t a rtw ork o r o bje ct f r o m t h e t e x tb ook, n otin g a n y

sim ila ritie s o r d if fe re n ces i n s ty le , t e c h n iq u e, a n d i c o n ogra ph y:

A w ork o f a rt f ro m t h e t e x tb ook t h at c o m pare s t o t h e t r ib ute o bje ct a b ove i s

Pab lit a V ela rd e’s

?Kosh are s o f T aos

?. ? T his p ie ce i s a w ate rc o lo r p ain tin g o n p ap er

th at p ay s t r ib ute t o t h e P ueb lo t r ib e’s c ere m ony o f t h e w in te r s o ls tic e. E ach

fig ure ’s b rig ht c lo th in g i s s im ila r o f t h ose t h at N ativ e A m eric an s w ould w ear

durin g a t i m e o f c ele b ra tio n l ik e t h e o ne p ic tu re d i n t h e p ain tin g. D ep ic te d i n t h is

pie ce a re a n im als , s a crif ic ed a t t h e t o p o f a p ole , p eo ple d re sse d a s c lo w ns, a n d

Kats in a d oll s , w hic h a re g iv en t o c h il d re n s o t h at t h ey c an l e arn t h e d if f e re n ce

betw ee n t h ose w ho t h ey s h ould b e f o ll o w in g s p ir itu ally a n d w ho t h ey s h ould n ot.

Offe rin g

Id en ti f y t h e w ork o f a rt ( ti tle , d ate , m ed iu m , c u ltu re , l o ca tio n ):

Sea te d D eity ( M acu ilc o atl)

?, 1 5th -e arly 1 6th c en tu ry , B asa lt, A zte c , M ex ic o .

In se rt a n I m age o f t h e w ork o f a rt b elo w ( in clu de t h e U RL):

s:// w w w.m etm use u m .o rg /a rt/ c o lle ctio n/s e arc h /3 07606

Desc rib e a n d a n aly ze t h e s ty le , t e ch niq u e, a n d i c o n ogra ph y o f t h e a rtw ork .

Then , e x pla in h ow i t r e p re se n ts i ts c u ltu ra l c o n te x t:

This o ffe rin g i s a s c u lp tu re m ad e o f b asa lt, h ard en ed v olc an ic m ate ria l u se d o fte n

by t h e A zte cs, t h at d ep ic ts a m an h old in g h is k nees t o h is c h est. T he a rtis t u se s

bas-re lie f, o r s h all o w r e li e f, t o a ch ie v e t h e l o ok o f d eep s h ad ow s a lo ng t h e f ig ure ’s

lo w er j a w . T he f ig ure r e p re se n ts a d eity c a lle d t h e “ L ord o f F iv e S ouls .” T here i s a

sn ak e w ith f iv e d ots o n i ts b ack c ir c le d a ro und t h e f ig ure ’s h ead – t h ese f iv e d ots

are a ss o cia te d w ith b ad h ab its .

Com pare t o a r e le va n t a rtw ork o r o bje ct f r o m t h e t e x tb ook, n otin g a n y

sim ila ritie s o r d if fe re n ces i n s ty le , t e c h n iq u e, a n d i c o n ogra ph y:

A w ork o f a rt f ro m t h e t e x tb ook s im ila r t o t h e p ie ce s h ow n a b ove i s t h e

?Lla m a

? o f

th e I n ca t r ib e. T his p ie ce i s m ad e o f g old a n d s ilv er, w hic h i s c o m mon f o r t h e

In cas b ecau se t h ey h ad m ore g old a n d s il v er i n t h eir p osse ssio n t h an c lo th .

Com posit io n-w is e , t h e p ie ce i s v ery s im ple d esp ite t h e b la n ket o n t h e l la m a’s

back . T he s ilv er o n t h e l la m a r e p re se n ts t h e m oon’s t e ars a n d t h e I n cas u se d

offe rin gs l ik e t h ese e v ery m orn in g a s a s a c rif ic e t o t h e s u n. T he t r ib e b elie v ed t h at

th e l la m a s y m boliz es f e rtil ity a n d h as a u niq ue a sso cia tio n w ith t h e s u n a n d t h e

ra in .

Utilit a ria n

Obje ct

Id en ti f y t h e w ork o f a rt ( ti tle , d ate , m ed iu m , c u ltu re , l o ca tio n ):

Snow S hoes, 1 891, W ood/f ib er/le ath er, N orth A m eric an I n dia n , N /A .

In se rt a n I m age o f t h e w ork o f a rt b elo w ( in clu de t h e U RL):

s:// f il e s.d m a.o rg /m ultim ed ia /im ag es/6 8316827110889763_m ed iu m .j p g

Desc rib e a n d a n aly ze t h e s ty le , t e ch niq u e, a n d i c o n ogra ph y o f t h e a rtw ork .

Then , e x pla in h ow i t r e p re se n ts i ts c u ltu ra l c o n te x t:

The s n ow s h oes a b ove w ere u ti liz e d a s a u se fu l a rtic le b y N orth A m eric an I n dia n s,

in ste ad o f j u st f o r a esth etic p urp ose s. A s s im ple a s i t s o unds, t h e p urp ose o f t h ese

hom em ad e s h oes w ere t o h elp p eo ple w alk t h ro ugh t h e d en se s n ow d urin g t h e

win te rti m e w ith out t r ip pin g. T he m ate ria ls u se d i n clu de w ood, l e ath er, a n d f ib er –

all f o un d i n n atu re o r m ad e f ro m a n im al h id e t h at t h e n ativ e p eo ple h unte d f o r,

th em se lv es.

Com pare t o a r e le va n t a rtw ork o r o bje ct f r o m t h e t e x tb ook, n otin g a n y

sim ila ritie s o r d if fe re n ces i n s ty le , t e c h n iq u e, a n d i c o n ogra ph y:

A w ork o f a rt f ro m t h e t e x tb ook s im ila r t o t h e p ie ce s h ow n a b ove i s t h e

?Taos

Pueb lo

? m ad e b y t h e P ueb lo t r ib e. T hese w ere h ouse s m ad e o f a d obe, h av in g t h e

purp ose o f s h elt e r f o r p eo ple o f t h is t r ib e. T he l a d ders a ro und t h e a re a p ro vid ed

peo ple a cc ess t o t h e r o ofs o r h ig her f lo ors o f t h e s h elte r. T he r o of w as a n a re a

ofte n u se d b y t r ib e m em bers t o h ost c o m munal g ath erin gs. T his a rc h ite ctu re u se s

new m ed ia c o m bin ed w ith t h e c re ati o n o f t r a d itio nal s tr u ctu re s.

A w ork t h at

sh ow s a c rea tio n

myth o r

co sm olo gy

Id en ti f y t h e w ork o f a rt ( ti tle , d ate , m ed iu m , c u ltu re , l o ca tio n ):

Spid er M onkey w ith W in d G od R eg alia

?, 1 3th –16th c en tu ry , S to ne, A zte c , M ex ic o .

In se rt a n I m age o f t h e w ork o f a rt b elo w ( in clu de t h e U RL):

s:// w w w.m etm use u m .o rg /a rt/ c o lle ctio n/s e arc h /7 65334

Desc rib e a n d a n aly ze t h e s ty le , t e ch niq u e, a n d i c o n ogra ph y o f t h e a rtw ork .

Then , e x pla in h ow i t r e p re se n ts i ts c u ltu ra l c o n te x t:

This A zte c a rtw ork r e p re se n ts a m yth olo gic al c re atu re t h at h as a c o rr e la tio n w ith

th e c o sm olo gy o f t h e t r ib e’s r e lig io us b elie fs . T he a n im al s c u lp te d h ere i s a “ sp id er

monkey ,” w hic h w as a n m ean in gfu l s y m bol a ll a cro ss M eso am eric a d urin g t h is

tim e. T his p ie ces’ r ig id s u rfa ce h elp s t o e m phasiz e t h e i d ea o f h ostility . T he a n im al

wears a c o lla r, e ar o rn am en ts , w ris t a n d a n kle b ra cele ts t h at a re a ll s im ila r t o t h ose

th at t h e A zte cs w ould w ea r. H is p ositio n d ep ic ts h im s ittin g p erc h ed , r e ach in g

aro un d h im se lf t o g ra b h is o w n t a il, w ith h is t e eth o ut a s t h ough h e i s g ro w lin g. A ll

of t h is b ody l a n guag e r e p re se n ts a g gre ssio n a n d s y m boliz es t h e W in d G od. T he

base o f t h is s c u lp tu re i m ita te s t h e r a tt le o f a s e rp en t.

Com pare t o a r e le va n t a rtw ork o r o bje ct f r o m t h e t e x tb ook, n otin g a n y

sim ila ritie s o r d if fe re n ces i n s ty le , t e c h n iq u e, a n d i c o n ogra ph y:

A w ork o f a rt f ro m t h e t e x tb ook s im ila r t o t h e p ie ce s h ow n a b ove i s

?The G oddess

Coatlic u e

?, a s c u lp tu re t h at i s k now n a s “ sh e o f t h e s e rp en t s k ir t” b ecau se s h e w ears

a s k ir t o f e n ta n gle d s n ak es. T he f ig ure s h ow n w as k now n t o h av e n ot s u rv iv ed a n

en co unte r o f m urd er, h en ce w hy a re t h ere a re s y m bols o f g ush in g b lo od a ro und

her b o dy. H er f e et h av e c la w s, s h e w ea rs a s k ull a ro und h er n eck la ce m ad e o f

han ds, a n d h er f o rm i s i m men se . A ll o ff t h ese c h ara cte ris tic s s y m boliz e d eath o r

th e i d ea t o s ta y a w ay f ro m h er b ecau se s h e i s p ow erfu l.

Anim al i m agery

Id en ti f y t h e w ork o f a rt ( ti tle , d ate , m ed iu m , c u ltu re , l o ca tio n ):

Vultu re V esse l

?, 1 200–1521, C era m ic , A zte c, M ex ic o .

In se rt a n I m age o f t h e w ork o f a rt b elo w ( in clu de t h e U RL):

s:// w w w.m etm use u m .o rg /a rt/ c o lle ctio n/s e arc h /3 14365

Desc rib e a n d a n aly ze t h e s ty le , t e ch niq u e, a n d i c o n ogra ph y o f t h e a rtw ork .

Then , e x pla in h ow i t r e p re se n ts i ts c u ltu ra l c o n te x t:

This A zte c w ork o f a rt p ortr a y s a v ultu re h av in g t h e f u nctio n o f a v esse l. T he

dif fe re n t c o lo rs u se d t h ro ughout t h is p ie ce c re ate s c o ntr a st b etw een t h e d if f e re n t

are as, a s d oes t h e s h in y s u rf a ce v ers u s t h e m atte s u rf a ce. B ir d s w ere o fte n t h ought

of a s m esse n gers b etw een t h e l iv in g w orld a n d a h ig her w orld i n t h is t r ib e. T he

vultu re i n s p ecif ic i s k now n t o k il l f o r f o od, w hic h s y m boliz es h um an s a crif ic e.

This v esse l w as t h ought t o b e u se d d urin g c e re m onie s t h at w as f o cu se d a ro und t h e

bir d a n d i t s a ctio ns o r p urp ose a s a n a n im al.

Com pare t o a r e le va n t a rtw ork o r o bje ct f r o m t h e t e x tb ook, n otin g a n y

sim ila ritie s o r d if fe re n ces i n s ty le , t e c h n iq u e, a n d i c o n ogra ph y:

A w ork o f a rt f ro m t h e t e x tb ook s im ila r t o t h e p ie ce s h ow n a b ove i s t h e

?Griz z ly

Bea r H ouse -P arti tio n S cre en

?. T he p eo ple o f t h e N orth w est C oast b elie v ed t h at

th ey a s h um an s e v olv ed f ro m a n im al- h um an s p ecie s, h en ce w hy t h ey u se s o m uch

an im al i m ag ery t h ro ughout t h eir a rtw ork . T his p ie ce i s m ad e o f l a rg e p la n ks f ro m

North w est C oast p eo ple s’ c o m m unal h ouse s. T he h ole i n t h e b otto m o f t h e

co m positi o n i s n ot o nly t h e b ea r’s v ag in a, b ut a ls o a h ole t o p ut o ne’s h ead t h ro ugh

– t h is s y m boliz es h um an b ir th f ro m a n a n im al, l ik e t h e A zte cs b elie v ed t h eir

an cesto rs t o h av e d one. S om e a d ded i m ag ery a m ongst t h is p ie ce i s t h at t h ere a re

sm alle r b ea rs a ll t h ro ughout t h e p ie ce , r e p re se n tin g h ow m ultip le p ie ces o f o ne

pers o n a re m ad e u p b y t h e c h ara cte ris tic s o f o th ers .

Rep rese n ta tio n

of a d eit y

Id en ti f y t h e w ork o f a rt ( ti tle , d ate , m ed iu m , c u ltu re , l o ca tio n ):

Fig ure V esse l

?, 1 6th c en tu ry , C era m ic , H uaste c, V era cru z.

In se rt a n I m age o f t h e w ork o f a rt b elo w ( in clu de t h e U RL):

s:// w w w.m etm use u m .o rg /a rt/ c o lle ctio n/s e arc h /3 10589

Desc rib e a n d a n aly ze t h e s ty le , t e ch niq u e, a n d i c o n ogra ph y o f t h e a rtw ork .

Then , e x pla in h ow i t r e p re se n ts i ts c u ltu ra l c o n te x t:

This a rtw ork r e p re se n ts a d eity i n m an y w ay s. T he m an ’s m outh i s s ta in ed , w hic h

is a c le ar r e p re se n ta tio n o f s ig nif y in g a d eity . T he c era m ic i s c o vere d w ith a

so ft- c o lo re d s li p f o r s h in e a n d p atte rn s c o ver h is b ody l ik e t a tto os, w hic h e ach

re p re se n t s o m eth in g d if f e re n t. T he f ig ure ’s e y es a re s e en a s t h ough t h ey a re r o llin g

to t h e b ack o f h is h ead t o d ep ic t t h at h e i s i n a d aze o f s o m e s o rt. T his m ost l ik ely

co rre la te s t o i t s u se , w hic h i s t o p our l iq uid s s u ch a s s tr o ng a lc o hol i n o rd er t o

hav e a s tr o ng c o m m unic atio n w ith t h e G ods.

Com pare t o a r e le va n t a rtw ork o r o bje ct f r o m t h e t e x tb ook, n otin g a n y

sim ila ritie s o r d if fe re n ces i n s ty le , t e c h n iq u e, a n d i c o n ogra ph y:

A w ork o f a rt f ro m t h e t e x tb ook s im ila r t o t h e p ie ce s h ow n a b ove i s t h e

?Cale n dar

Sto ne

?. T his i s a f u nctio nal p ie ce t h at t h e A zte cs u se d t o c alc u la te t im e. T he d is k i s

not o nly m ean t t o l o ok l i k e t h e S un, b ut u se s t h e S un t o c re ate s h ad ow s o n i ts

bas-re lie f s u rfa ce t o d ep ic t t h e t im e. T his l o w s h allo w r e lie f i s u se d b ecau se i t

cre ate s d ee p er s h ad ow s. T he p ie c e i s m ad e o f v olc an ic b asa lt, w hic h w as t h e

Azte c s p re fe rre d m ed iu m . T here i s a f a ce i n t h e c en te r o f t h e c o m positio n t h at h as

a p ro tr u din g t o ngue, c la w ed h an ds, a n d l a rg e e ars w hic h w ere a ll k now n t o

re p re se n t t h e G od o f t h e S un. T he v ie w er m ay b e a b le t o i n fe r t h at t h e A zte cs f e lt

sig nif ic an ce w ith t h e n um ber f o ur, a s t h e c ale n dar i s o rg an iz ed i n to f o ur q uad ra n ts

in m an y w ay s. O ne e x am ple o f t h is i s t h at i t d is p la y s t h e f o ur t h in gs t h at t h ey

belie v ed t o r a v ag ed t h e e arth , w hic h w as w in d, w ild a n im als , f lo ods, a n d

volc a n oes. T here i s m ore i m ag ery t h ro ughout t h e p ie ce a n d t h e d if fe re n t q uad ra n ts

as w ell.

Com mem ora tio n

of a n

ach ie v em en t o r

an e x p lo it

Id en ti f y t h e w ork o f a rt ( ti tle , d ate , m ed iu m , c u ltu re , l o ca tio n ):

Serp en t L abre t w it h A rtic u la te d T ongue

?, 1 300–1521, G old A zte c, C en tr a l M ex ic o .

In se rt a n I m age o f t h e w ork o f a rt b elo w ( in clu de t h e U RL):

s:// w w w.m etm use u m .o rg /a rt/ c o lle ctio n/s e arc h /3 21343

Desc rib e a n d a n aly ze t h e s ty le , t e ch niq u e, a n d i c o n ogra ph y o f t h e a rtw ork .

Then , e x pla in h ow i t r e p re se n ts i ts c u ltu ra l c o n te x t:

This a rtw ork r e p re se n ts t h e c o m mem ora tio n o f a n a ch ie v em en t, a s i t w as

so m etim es a w ard ed t o p eo ple i n v ie w o f s p ecif ic a cco m plis h m en ts w hen i t c o m es

to w ar. T his m ate ria l, c o lo r, a n d l u ste r a ll g iv e e m phasis t o t h e i d ea t h at w hom ev er

is w ea rin g t h e p ie ce w as p ow erfu l, w ealth y, o r d ese rv in g o f c o ngra tu la tio ns f o r a n

acco m pli s h m en t. T he s n ak e’s h ea d i n clu des a c o m pellin g j a w w ith s h arp t e eth a n d

a f e w f a n gs. T his p ie ce i s m oveab le a n d w as t h ought t o m ove w ith t h e m ovem en t

of w ho m ev er w as w earin g i t, u su ally n oble s w ho w ould o fte n w ear o n t h eir l o w er

lip ( in se rte d t h ro ugh t h e l o w er l ip . l ik e a p ie rc in g). G old i s u se d a s t h e m ate ria l f o r

th is a cc esso ry , w hic h w as t h ought o f a s a g if t f ro m G od.

Com pare t o a r e le va n t a rtw ork o r o bje ct f r o m t h e t e x tb ook, n otin g a n y

sim ila ritie s o r d if fe re n ces i n s ty le , t e c h n iq u e, a n d i c o n ogra ph y:

A w ork o f a rt f ro m t h e t e x tb ook s im ila r t o t h e p ie ce s h ow n a b ove i s t h e

?Battl e

Scen e, H id e P ain ti n g

? o f t h e p eo ple o f t h e G re at P la in s. T his p ie ce i s t h e p rim al

docu m en ta tio n o f b uffa lo h id e r o bes. I llu str a te d o n t h is h id e i s a b attle o f t h e

Man dan a n d t h e S io ux. T he l ig ht b ack gro und c re ate s a c o ntr a st w ith t h e d ark d ye

use d t o d ep ic t t h e p eo ple p ain te d o n t h e h id e. T his p ie ce i s u se d d urin g c ere m onie s

of a ch ie v em en t, w here t h e h id e i s l a id o ver t h e m an ’s s h ould ers w hose

acco m pli s h m en ts a re b ein g c ele b ra te d . W ith t h e h id e o n h is s h ould ers , t h e m an i s

th ough t t o c h an ge i n to a l iv in g p ortr a y al o f h is a d ven tu re s.